MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c)

Overview

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome, specifically within a short open reading frame overlapping the 12S rRNA gene. First identified in 2015, it belongs to a small class of “mitochondrial-derived peptides” (MDPs) that appear to function as signaling molecules communicating mitochondrial status to the nucleus and broader cellular metabolism. Peptide Factory supplies MOTS-c as a lyophilized powder for laboratory research.

Research Background

Unlike most peptides studied in this catalog, MOTS-c originates from mitochondrial rather than nuclear DNA. Early characterization work localized MOTS-c to the cytoplasm and, under metabolic stress conditions, the nucleus, where research has proposed it interacts with stress-response transcription factors. Its discovery has driven a growing body of preclinical research into mitochondrial-nuclear signaling and metabolic regulation.

Studied Applications

Preclinical research on MOTS-c has examined:

• AMPK pathway research — cell culture and animal studies have investigated MOTS-c’s activation of AMPK (5’ AMP-activated protein kinase), a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis.
• Metabolic and insulin-sensitivity research — rodent models of diet-induced metabolic stress have been used to study MOTS-c’s relationship to glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity markers.
• Exercise-response and aging research — studies have examined circulating MOTS-c levels in relation to exercise physiology and age-related decline in mitochondrial function, motivating interest in MOTS-c as a longevity-adjacent research target.

These findings are preclinical/laboratory in nature; no dosing or human-use claims are made.

Storage & Handling

Store lyophilized MOTS-c at -20°C, protected from light and moisture. See our storage and handling guidance for reconstitution protocols.

References

• Lee, C. et al. “The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance.” Cell Metab. research literature.
• Reynolds, J. C. et al. MOTS-c and exercise-induced metabolic adaptation research.
• Kim, S. J. et al. Mitochondrial-derived peptides and cellular stress response review.

For Research Use Only — Not for Human Consumption.